BIO 510:511 GRADUATE SEMINAR. Recent advances in Biology are discussed. Discussions of papers in selected research fields are conducted by either faculty or graduate students. Required of graduate students in Biology. Prerequisite: Graduate standing.

BIO 531 CLASSIFICATION AND NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. Classification and natural history of major groups of nonvascular and vascular plants are presented. Emphasis is on morphological recognition, ecological and physiological differences and economic importance of major taxa. Laboratory included. Prerequisites: Introductory Botany course and graduate standing.

BIO 548 COMPARATIVE ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY. A study physiological adaptive mechanisms and the comparison of adaptive strategies across vertebrate taxa. Emphasis will be directed toward homeostatic mechanisms of water, energy and electrolyte balance, and metabolism. Two-hour laboratory to emphasize investigative skills employing modern laboratory techniques. Independent original research project required. Prerequisites: Organic Chemistry, General Physiology, or instructor's consent.

*BIO 562 ADVANCED PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. Further studies of the life processes of plants at the molecular, cellular and organismal levels with focus on current research and recent advances in this field. The design and completion of independent laboratory experiments with review of the relevant literature is required. Two-hour laboratory. Prerequisite: Plant Physiology and Organic Chemistry.

BIO 564 CELL STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY. Various aspects of membrane and organelle structure, biochemical synthesis and metabolic systems are explored at the cellular and molecular level. Laboratory experiments using current cell methods are assigned for individual student development. Prerequisites: Cell biology and organic chemistry.

BIO 571 EVOLUTION. This course is concerned with modern concepts of the evolution of organisms. Extended reading and classroom discussion supplement the lecture treatment. Three one-hour lectures a week are scheduled. Prerequisite: Introductory genetics.

*BIO 575 BACTERIAL PHYSIOLOGY. A study of bacterial metabolism that will include fermentation, anaerobic respiration, bacterial photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. This course will also discuss how bacteria sense their environment and adjust their metabolism accordingly. Three hours of lecture per week. Prerequisites: Microbiology, Genetics, and Organic Chemistry II or General Physiology.

BIO 578 VIROLOGY. A study of viruses that infect plants, animals, and bacteria. Areas considered include chemical and structural properties of viruses, virus-host relations, infection and growth phenomena, including interference and regulation. Also included are the roles of viruses as agents of disease and malignancy, and as gene vectors in natural settings but also as tools in biotechnology and gene therapy. Three hours of lecture per week. Prerequisites: Microbiology, Genetics, and Organic Chemistry.

BIO 580 ADVANCED ECOLOGY. An advanced theoretical and practical study of biotic and abiotic ecosystem interactions encompassing the physiology of individuals, growth of populations including social and species interactions within populations, analysis of population composition and change, the distribution of communities, and the functioning of ecosystems. Independent study of a selected ecological topic required. Prerequisites: General Chemistry I and II, General Ecology.

*BIO 581 ECOLOGICAL COMPUTER MODELING. An introduction to the development and application of computer models in ecology and population biology. Principles of modeling, programming concepts, specific model dynamics, and prepackaged computer models will be explored. Two hours lecture and 2 hours laboratory per week. Prerequisite: General Ecology.

BIO 582 ADVANCED ICHTHYOLOGY. Taxonomy, distribution, natural history and economic importance of fishes with emphasis on Texas forms. Field work will include techniques for determining populations, growth studies, food habits and propagation. Two-hour laboratory plus field work. Prerequisites: Introductory biology plus 12 hours advanced biology.

BIO 584 AVIAN BIOLOGY. The classification, anatomy, physiology, natural history and behavior of birds are studied in this course. Laboratories include general anatomy, identification and field techniques used in the study of behavior, migration and population dynamics. Research problems relating to these subjects are selected by the student for independent investigation. Two-hour laboratory plus field work. Prerequisites: Introductory biology plus 12 hours advanced biology.

BIO 585 MAMMALOGY. Various groups of mammals are surveyed in this course. Investigations of problems relating to classification, distribution and life history studies are included. Two-hour laboratory plus field work. Prerequisites: Introductory biology plus 12 hours advanced biology.

BIO 590 LIMNOLOGY. Limnological techniques are stressed with special emphasis on physiochemical conditions of freshwater environments and their effects on aquatic life. Plankton analysis, a study of bottom fauna, lake and stream mapping and evaluation of aquatic productivity are included. Two-hour laboratory plus field work. Prerequisites: BIO 135, 115 and 136, 116 or equivalent and college chemistry.

BIO 591 ADVANCED GENETICS. This is an advanced study of the principles of heredity and the nature and function of the gene. Emphasis will be on molecular genetics with special attention to recent advances in DNA technologies. Laboratory studies include restriction enzyme analyses by electrophoresis, gene cloning, mutagenesis and chromosome banding. Two-hour laboratory. Prerequisite: Introductory Genetics with grade of C or better and organic chemistry.

BIO 595 SPECIAL GRADUATE TOPICS IN BIOLOGY. This course is designed to provide an avenue for selected graduate students to engage in independent studies. Registration is on an individual basis but is limited to students in residence. A topic of study is selected and approved by the Biology faculty. Prerequisites: Graduate standing in Biology and consent of departmental chair.

BIO 596 REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY. Physiological control of animal reproduction is the subject of this course. Current literature relating to this subject is critically examined and evaluated. An individual research problem is undertaken by the student. Two-hour laboratory. Prerequisites: Introductory courses in physiology and organic chemistry.

BIO 698, 699 THESIS.